Vopr Onkol

[Current principles and methods of radical therapy for locally extensive esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer]

Year 1998
Simonov NN. Guliaev AV. Mel'nikov OR. Makeeva TK. Kanaev SV. Shulenov AV. Konstantinova MM. Evtiukhin AI. Dunaevskii IV. Gel'fond VM.
Prof. N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the RF, St. Petersburg.
The results of radical surgical and combined treatment of 124 cases of esophageal and cardioesphageal tumors are presented. Extensive local disease (stage III, T2-4N0-2M0) was diagnosed in 113 patients (91.1%). Esophagoectomy with transmediastinal esophagogastroplasty and cervical esophagostomy proved most useful for esophageal tumor, while extensive surgery after Lewis in combination with extirpation or proximal resection of the stomach--for proximal gastric disease involving the esophagus. Combined surgery with resection of adjacent organs was carried out in 50%. Post-operative mortality rates were reduced to 7.1% due to application of effective surgical, anesthetic and intensive care procedures. The 3-year survival rate was 26.5%. Prognosis improved significantly when radiation was used prior to dissection of lymph nodes.

[Clinical introduction and results of simultaneous resection and repair in esophageal cancer]

Year 1998
Stoliarov VI. Simonov NN. Shukin VV.
Prof. N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the RF, St. Petersburg.
The data on 80 cases of radical resection and extirpation of the esophagus for intrathoracic tumors entailing esophagogastroplasty are discussed. Esophageal extirpation with resection of the proximal part of the stomach, sufficient lymphadenectomy, simultaneous transmedianal esophagogastroplasty and formation of cervical esophago-gastrostomy proved the most radical. The 3-year complication and mortality rates were 20.0 and 5.0%, respectively. The procedure yields the best functional results, too. It is understood that the long and tortuous process of development of a new surgical procedure inevitably involves frequent postoperative complications, which, however, can be effectively treated if measures are taken to improve surgical technique and intensive care standards. The end-results still leave much to be desired--the 3-year survival rate was 24.0, 5 years--8.0%.

[Therapeutic potential of Granisetron (Kitryl) for the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytostatic drugs]

Year 1998
Gershanovich ML. Beresneva IA.
Prof. N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the RF, St. Petersburg.
Oral administration of 2 mg kitryl effectively controlled nausea (82.5-96.7%) and vomiting (97.3-99.1%) induced in 127 patients with malignant lymphomas and solid tumors, who received highly emetic cytostatic MOPP, ABVD, CHOP, CHOEP, EVAP, VP and CMP therapy. The antiemetic effect of oral administration was identical to that of intravenous injection of 3 mg.

[Biochemical and immunologic analysis of pepsinogen I in blood serum and mucosa in patients with gastric tumors and non-tumor diseases]

Year 1998
Kalinovskii VP. Belokhvostova AT. Shcherbakova AM. Bodrov IuF. Khanson KP.
N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the RF, St. Petersburg.
The results of the biochemical and immunologic studies of pepsinogen I (PG-I) occurring in the mucosa and blood serum of patients with tumors and non-tumor conditions of the stomach are discussed. Pepsinogen I was identified in human blood serum using rabbit antibodies against PG-I. Sharp drop in blood serum-PG-I level in patients with gastric tumors has been confirmed.

[Cloning of amplified nucleotide sequences of DNA in a patient from a high-risk stomach cancer family]

Year 1998
Fedorov SN. Belogubova EV. Guliaev AV. Monakhov AS. Khanson KP.
N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the RF, St. Petersburg.
An abnormally long shorter shoulder of chromosome 21 was identified in 3 out of 4 members of a family at high risk for gastric cancer. We attempted to clone the amplified fragments of DNA of one of the family members who had the same chromosomal marker. This was done after the amplified sequences were enriched by re-association in phenolic emulsion, and 52 clones were obtained. All inserts were separated and each was hybridized on filters containing Hind III DNA of patient O.L. and that of a healthy donor. Hybridization with the genome DNAs of patient O.L. and the donor failed to go through in 9 inserts. Hybridization with all genomic DNAs went through in 34 inserts. Hybrids with one or several Hind III fragments of DNAs of O.L. and the donor were formed in 9 inserts. The size of fragments with varying molecular weight in inserts 6, 9, 11, 30, 39, 43 and 44 identified in the DNA of patient O.L. was 3-10 times that in the DNA of the donor. The differences in the molecular weight and size of the detected bends seem to indicate that we succeeded in cloning at least several different amplified fragments of the genome of the patient.

[Comparative study of the ploidy and cell proliferation of malignant epithelial neoplasms of various origin (flow cytometric assay)]

Year 1998
Bychkova NV. Meshkova IE. Pozharisskii KM.
N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the RF, Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, St. Petersburg.
Flow cytometry was used for measure DNA content of tumor cells of squamous-cell carcinoma of the tongue and mucosa of the oral cavity fundus, invasive ductal breast carcinoma, endometrial, colonic and rectal adenocarcinomas. Frequency of aneuploidy is characteristic of tumor. Frequency of aneuploidy is high in the oral cavity and breast cancer, colonic and rectal carcinomas and low in cancer of the tongue and endometrium Aneuploidy is associated with nonfavorable clinical and morphological signs of breast cancer, carcinomas of the oral cavity, corpurus uteri and rectum. High DNA index is typical of aggressiveness of carcinomas of the tongue, breast and endometrium. High proliferative activity prognostic factor of endometrial adenocarcinoma. We also found aneuploid cells in normal epithelium of the corpurus uteri, colon and rectum of patients with aneuploid tumors of the same organ. It is possible to suggest that these cells is an unfavorable cause recurrence.

[Experimental tests and clinical trials of the biologically active food additive Fibromed]

Year 1998
Bespalov VG. Aksenov AV. Ovsianikov AI. Petrov AS. Simonov NN. Aleksandrov VA.
N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of the RF; St. Petersburg.
A biologically active food additive--Fibromed--has been tested experimentally and clinically. The additive made from wheat bran by the Reacon Company contains no less than 40% of dietary fibre (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Its effect on multi-organ carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and lipid metabolism was tested in rats. Tumors were induced by combined intramammary injections and intrarectal infusions of the agent. Fibromed was fed (20% by weight) during post-initiation period. It effectively inhibited the development of mammary and colonic tumors and reduced serum-blood cholesterol, triglycerides and beta-lipoproteids. The influence of Fibromed treatment on stool during early post-operative period was studied in surgical cases of colorectal cancer. When administered in a dose of 60 g, daily, starting from days 4-5, Fibromed restored intestinal function 36 hr earlier than in controls. Fibromed should be recommended for prevention of breast and colonic tumors, lipid metabolism disorders and rehabilitation of patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer.